Why Do Cats React to Catnip?

The active compound in catnip, nepetalactone, binds to receptors in a cat’s nose, triggering a behavioral response. This creates a temporary state of euphoria that may include behaviors like rolling, pouncing, rubbing, or hyperactive play. In other cases, the same chemical reaction may cause calmness or contentment.

Cats typically experience these effects for about 10 to 15 minutes before becoming temporarily immune to further stimulation. After a short break, sensitivity usually returns.

The Science Behind Catnip

How Catnip Affects Cats

When a cat encounters catnip, they may sniff, chew, lick, or roll in it. They can even absorb it through a toy, and playing with your cat with a catnip toy is a great way to keep your indoor cat mentally stimulated, providing both exercise and enrichment.

Common responses to catnip include:

• Increased playfulness and energy
• Rolling and rubbing against objects or people
• Purring and vocalizing
• Temporary relaxation or “zoning out”

Not All Cats Respond

Interestingly, sensitivity to catnip is hereditary. Around 30-40% of cats show no response to catnip at all. Kittens under six months old are often less affected, as the sensitivity develops with age. For cats that do not respond to catnip, alternatives like silvervine or valerian root may provide similar enrichment.

Uses of Catnip

• Entertainment: Catnip-stuffed toys encourage exercises, hunting instincts, and mental stimulation.
• Training Aid: Sprinkling catnip on scratching posts or new cat furniture can attract cats and reduce unwanted scratching in inappropriate areas.
• Relaxation: For some cats, catnip has a calming effect, making it useful in easing travel stress, vet visits, or multi-cat household tensions.
• Creating a Cat-Friendly Home: Giving your cat catnip can be part of maintaining a safe and stimulating environment for your cat.